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When thinking of Indonesia most people also think of Bali. Bali is located east of java, the populous island of indonesia. Bali is also called "the Island of the gods" or "the Island of the thousand temples".
The area of Bali is reaching about 5561 square kilometers. The highest mountain on bali is the volcano Gunung Agung. (3142 meters). In the west of the Gunung Agung lies the Gunung Agung with 2153 meters.
Java and Bali is divided by a just 2,5 km width relatively flat strait. In the ice age, before 18.000 years both island were connected. Because of this only small barrier there was always a strong cultural and migrational exchange between Java and Bali.
To the we find the Island of Lombok. On this side the deepness of the sea is more than 1300 meters and the strait is 30 km in width.
The strait between Bali and Lombok is a important waterway for todays navigation as the only connection between the south chinese sea and australia. It is located exactly on the wallace line, where the eurasian and the australian plate clink together.
Therefore Bali and whole Indonesia is often effected by volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The last volcanic eruption happened in 1963. Bali also was strongly effected by the eruption of the volcano Tambora on Sumbawa. (an island east of lombok and bali).
The volcanos are an important part in the balinese spiritual life. The volcano Gunung Agung is presenting the center of the world. It´s´the same symbolic object like the mount meru for the Hindus of India. For them the mount meru is presenting the axis of the universe.
Also the volcanos brought the basis for a fruitful farmland a rich harvests. A legend even tells that the Gunung Agung is a fragement of the Mount Meru, which was brought to Bali by the first visitors from India.
The reefs in front of bali caused many maritme disasters. The conflicts about the salvaging of stranded ships was a pretence, which was used by the dutch to invade bali.
Today the reefs are strongly endangered, because of explosives-fishery, the harvesting of coral by the cement-industry and also by the global warming.
The climate on bali is tropical equatorial. From the begin of november to the end of march periodically monsun rainfalls occur. The average quantity of rain in this part of the year is about 280 mm. Between April and October the average quantity of rain is about 60mm.
The highest temperature is 29-33° Celsius. The lowest temperature is about 21-25° Celsius. In high altitude areas the temperature can be much lower.
Their are also in different climatical conditions on Bali, which effected the early colonisation. The stronger dryness in the most outwarded east and west were an obstacle for settlements in this area.
The population of bali is ca. 3 Million. When the first european visited bali in the 16th century, the population was just about 300.000. At 1930 it was grown up to 1 million.
Most of the population are domestic balinese (89 %). The rest are most javanese and chinese migrants.
The largest religion on bali is the balinese hinduism, which has developed to a self-contained form, called "Hindu Dharma", in which hinduist and buddhist influences are combined. The roots of the balinese culture lay on java and in india.
Ca. 92 % of the balinese population are hindu, 5,7 % muslim, 1,4 % christian and 0,6 % are buddhist.
Bali is divided in 9 regencies (on of these regencies is Denpasar, the capital city of Bali)
The population of Denpasar is 463.000, but on daytime its populated with more than 600.000 people, if you count commuters are counted also.
The biggest regency, with an area of 1365 square kilometers is Buleleng in the north of Bali. Also the biggest part of the population is living here. (578.000).
The area of Jembrana, the second largest regency, is 841,8 square kilometers, but its population is just 220.000. Its the population with the lowest density of population.
Just a little bit smaller is Tabanan (839,33 square kilometers). 387.000 people are living in the area of Tabanan.
The area of Badung is about 418.52 square kilometers. The population is 358.500.
The population of Gyanyar is 417.000. With an area of 368 square kilometers it is (after Denpasar) the regency with the highest density of population.
Banglis area comprizes about 520 square kilometers. Its population is 197.000.
370.000 people are living in the regency Karangasem. Its area comprizes 839.53 square kilometers.
The smallest regency is Klungkung with an area of 315 square kilometers. The population is 387.000.
Balis rainforest is mostly gone. Just a few spots on cliffy hillsides and in the the dry west are left. The spots in the west are part of the Barat National Park.
The bali tiger, which lived in former times on bali was last seen in 1930.
The animal species, which can be found on whole bali are monkeys and iguanas. Especially geckos can be found everywhere.
In rice fields all kinds of snakes can be found - also poisonous snakes. Therefore it sometimes can be dangerous to enter a rice field.
In the Barat National Park all kinds of birds can be found, also the just on Bali located Balistar.
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